The Sickle Of Sickle Cell Disease - 852 Words

Sickle cell disease was discovered in 1910 in the United States. Many cases came to surface after that, and it was clear that sickle cell disease is predominantly common in the African American ethnicity. Sickle cell disease is caused by a mutation in the hemoglobin of red blood cells. The most common, known sickle cell disease is sickle cell anemia. There is no cure for Sickle cell disease, but there was a treatment that help relieve pain, prevent infections, and prevent organ damage. A drug called Hydroxyurea could be used to increase the production of fetal hemoglobin during pregnancy. Bone marrow treatment, is when stem cells are removed from one person to another person. Cord blood with stem cell transplantation, can replace someone’s abnormal stem cells with a donors stem cell. Symptoms Signs that show when sickle cell is present is when anemia starts to show in the blood cells and they become weak to where it breaks apart, periods of pain where the blood is unable to flow to the vessels which causes joint pain, and recurrent infections because sickle cell can damage organs that help fight off infections. Sickle cell was a trait that was inherited by one or both parents. The shape of a normal red blood cell is a disc-shape that looked like a doughnut, whereas a sickle cell has a crescent shape. An individual that inherited the defective gene from both parents had the sickle cell gene and is homozygous. If left untreated, usually the person would die in theirShow MoreRelatedSickle And The Sickle Cell Disease1369 Words   |  6 PagesThe sickle cell disease affects about 100,000 people in the America. The most common ethnic group the sickle cell anemia is seen in is African Americans and Hispanics. Approximately one in every ten African American and one in every one hundred Hispanic Americans have the sickle cell trait. Approximately two million people have the sickle cell trait in America. Approximately one in five- hundred African Americans and one in one thousand to one thousand and four hundred Hispanic-Americans have sickleRead MoreSickle Of Sickle Cell Disease706 Words   |  3 PagesSickle Cell Disease Sickle Cell Disease or also widely known as Sickle Cell Anemia is a genetic mutation caused in red blood cells destroys its own cells within and reshaping the cell wall resembling crescent or sickle shape; getting its name of the sickle cell disease. These sickled shaped cells attempt to perform its normal function of circulating oxygenated and deoxygenated RBC and gets lodged in small vessels causing vaso-occlusion. Where vaso-occlusive take effect, rest of the body is not receivingRead MoreSickle Of Sickle Cell Disease2167 Words   |  9 PagesSickle cell disease is an ailment that specifically targets red blood cells, causing them to sickle into a cone shape and hinders the transfer of oxygen to other parts of the body. Lack of oxygen can damage tissues and cause major problems for the person affected. As a black male, I am very familiar with sickle cell disease. I have family members with the disease, such as my uncle who was very susceptible to illness as a child due to the di sease. I remember him telling me how his body would acheRead MoreThe Sickle Of Sickle Cell Disease1381 Words   |  6 PagesSickle cell disease is a group of inherited blood disorders that affects the red blood cells, specifically the hemoglobin. This disease is very interesting because it actually is said to have protective advantages against malaria in the traits heterozygous form. Some scientists, along with students at Kenyon college, claim that the sickle cell trait has evolved or has been naturally selected because it provides vital protection from malaria (Camperchioli). This is mainly backed by the fact thatRead MoreSickle Cell Disease1368 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract: Sickle cell disease is a severe genetic disorder which generates deformed red blood cells (RBCs). These altered red blood cells can obstruct the blood vessels causing vaso-occlusion complications. The current management of sickle cell disease is symptomatic, with the lack of any specific treatment for vaso-occlusion. Some of the recent studies have suggested the role of pro-inflammatory activity of aged neutrophils and induction of neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation. In additionRead MoreSickle Cell Is A Disease924 Words   |  4 PagesSickle Cell is a disease that you hear about, but not as often as you should. It is an inherited disease, â€Å"the name derives from the red cells in the blood of sufferers and they take on the shape on a sickle (crescent shape).† Another name for sickle cell is sickle cell anemia, because in some cases people become anemic. With this disease comes low levels of hemoglobin, which is the red substance in your blood that contains iron and carries oxygen. Due to the irregular shaped cells this can causeRead MoreSickle Cell Anemia And The Disease1149 Words   |  5 PagesSickle Cell Anemia LaToya R Walker American Public University Systems Abstract This paper will discuss Sickle Cell Anemia. It will describe what the disease is as well as how its contracted. The paper will go on to on to discuss the symtoms risk and statistics of sickle cell aniema. The paper will end with discussing treatment for the disease. Sickle Cell Anemia Sickle Cell Anemia or Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is a passed down blood disorder that attacks and destroys the red blood cells. This DiseaseRead More Sickle Cell Disease Essay1447 Words   |  6 PagesSickle Cell Disease Sickle Cell Disease is an illness that affects people all across the globe. This paper will give a description of the sickness through the discussion of the causes, symptoms, and possible cures. Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is a group of inherited red blood cell disorders.(1) These disorders can have various afflictions, such as pain, damage and a low blood count--Sickle Cell Anemia. The overall incidence of SCD is eight out of 100,000 people. However, it isRead MoreSickle Cell Disease And Cancer848 Words   |  4 PagesSickle Cell Disease and Thalassemias Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) and Thalassemias are similar blood disorders with some important differences. Sickle Cell Disease is a disorder where the red blood cells are sickle-shaped, which causes them to stick to vessel walls preventing much needed oxygen from traveling through the body. Thalassemias has normal looking red blood cells, but the body does not make enough healthy cells or hemoglobin. This means there is a lack of oxygen because the body does notRead MoreThe Death Of Sickle Cell Disease1755 Words   |  8 Pagesjob for over eight years that has recently discovered he has sickle cell anemia, should be dismissed from his job regarding his genetic test results. Sickle cell anaemia is the most severe form of sickle cell disease and is a genetic disease of the red blood cells (Gibbons, 2015). Red blood cells have a disk like form which allows them the ability to travel through blood vessels. Although in people with sickle cell, the red blood cells form an abnormal crescent shape which makes them rigid and sticky

Essay on The Rise in Female Gang Members - 579 Words

Many people recognize that gangs have been around for what seems like forever. What they dont realize is that the numbers are increasing to amazing proportions, there were 28,000 youth gangs with 780,200 members in the United States (in 2000) and 20% to 46% of those members are female (Evans). And what is even more shocking is, in Chicago alone there are 16,000 to 20,000 female gang members (Eghigian). These girls start out as ?groupies?, become members, and sometimes even leaders of all-girl gangs because of troubles in the home, a need for money, for the social scene, or just because it is all they know. Allison Abner, who wrote Gangsta girls, sat down and spoke with three girls who have all been in gangs while, two still are.†¦show more content†¦Abner tells of Jonelle (nicknamed BabyJ), who is the oldest of three, who had a gang member and incarcerated father and a mother addicted to crack. She needed to be the support system to her family and turned to her father?s same gang to help her sell drugs and to make her feel like she had a family who cared (Abner). This story is not only the story of Jonelle, there are many other girls like her who have no choice but to become gang members. Many of these girls, as Abner tells, come from homes where they parents were original gangsters (founding members), or O.G.?s. They grow up with a ?strong gang presence?, and that gang turns into their own family (Eghigian). Usually, the gang presence is found within the relationships between their parents, friends, and boyfriends. These gangs make the girls feel at home because of the ties the membership comes with. Once a member, they will most likely always be a member because of ties ?that supersede blood ties? (Abner). But not all girls are looking for a super-strong bond with a community, some are just looking for a party, the social scene that gang life comes with. They look for people to spend time with, to skip school, gossip, listen to music, get high, and flirt with the male gang members (Abner). Those that often join for the male gang member were usually sexually abused, and now engage in sexual behavior with them. They earn reputations as ?toss-ups? byShow MoreRel atedSocial Influences Of Female Gang Membership1474 Words   |  6 PagesWithin the last decades, gangs have become one of the fastest growing issues in the United States. When most people define gangs, females are not part of the definition. Most government officials and researchers do not see females a contributor to the fasting growth of gangs in the United States when in fact, the number of females associated with gangs is constantly increasing. Female gang membership in the United States is estimated to be between 10 and 35 percent of the gang population, with someRead MoreThe Violence Of Gangs And Gangs1377 Words   |  6 PagesGangs have become one of the nation’s fastest growing problems within recent history. According to the Federal Bureau of Investigation about 33,000 violent street gangs, motorcycle gangs, and prison gangs with about 2.4 million members are criminally active in the U.S. today. They use violence to control neighborhoods and boost their illegal mo neymaking activities, which include but are not limited to: robbery, drug and gun trafficking, fraud, extortion, and prostitute rings. With as much researchRead MoreGang Violence : Effects On Recidivism Through Rehabilitation Programs1533 Words   |  7 Pages Gang violence: Effects on recidivism through rehabilitation programs The Problem In recent discussions of gang violence in prison, a controversial issue has been whether programs can lower recidivism rates. On the one hand, some argue that Gang violence can not be deterred from this perspective, it is understandable to see where society could see how gangs could be a lost cause. On the other hand, however, others argue that there is a possibility to help change them for the better and it can startRead MoreThemes And Empathetic Characters In The Outsiders By S. E. Hinton800 Words   |  4 Pagesof its relevant themes and empathetic characters. It follows a greaser named Ponyboy and his gang’s conflict with the Socials, a rival gang. 50 years after its publication it is still being read, partly due to its realistic teenage viewpoint and strong characters. Another reason that it is still read is its powerful themes. It is still relevant because of the gang activity we see today. The following paragraphs will explain and expand on these conclusions. S.E. Hinton’s expert characterization andRead MoreTaking a Closer Look at Prison Gangs1157 Words   |  5 PagesPrison Gangs Ever since the creation of the first prison gang the ‘Gypsy Jokers’, gangs in prisons have been a handful for officials trying to provide safety and security not only for corrections workers but for inmates as well. Prison gangs have been responsible for carrying out any number of illicit activites behind bars, these include but may not be limited to: gambling, drugs, protection, and prostitution (Knox, 2012). Over the years research for prison gangs proves difficult because of theRead MoreGangs and Teenage Violence Essay1413 Words   |  6 PagesGangs and Teenage Violence A gang is a group of people who interact among themselves. Teen violence is contributed to these gangs. Most gangs claim neighborhoods as their territory and try to control everything inside that territory. This kind of antisocial behavior is a major problem in American Society. Gang members are typical members of the same ethnic group. Fear and hatred for people of another race is called xenophobia. People who are victims of racism are often racistsRead MoreDelinquent Youth Subcultures1636 Words   |  7 Pagesis challenging. A large amount criminal behavior of exceedingly criminal gangs, for instance, fallouts from the function of group courses rather than group standards per se. The normative characteristics of groups differ significantly, but even the most aberrant gang dedicates comparatively modest of its group life to the chase delinquent behaviors. Moreover, when gangs do take part in delinquent events, a few gang members characteristically do not get involved. Subcultures usually comprise ofRead MoreSocial Work and the Criminal Justice System1282 Words   |  5 Pagesnecessary resources. They may need additional training and a way to support themselves and their families, social workers help them find their means. Women are 5-8 times more likely than men to be victimized by their partner. 85 percent of all victims are female. Its estimated that 2-4 million women are battered each year. That means one every 20 seconds. Women who are physically abused are almost always emotionally abused. Juvenile corrections is broad concept reflecting the many interventions for youngRead MoreThe End Of The American Revolutionary War1595 Words   |  7 Pagesnew immigrants settled in the Northeast region of the United States and as a result, it began to experience street gangs. However, most organized and violent street gangs did not emerge in America until the beginning of the nineteenth century. As immigration continued street gangs emerged in the United States in four regions during different periods of time. These first gangs were mainly comprised of white immigrants from Northern and Western Europe who came to the United States from the timeRead MoreThe End Of The American Revolutionary War1595 Words   |  7 Pagesnew immigrants settled in the Northeast region of the United States and as a result, it began to experience street gangs. However, most organized and violent street gangs did not emerge in America until the beginning of the nineteenth century. As immigration continued street gangs emerged in the United States in four regions during different periods of time. These first gangs were mainly comprised of white immigrants from Northern and Western Europe who came to the United States from the time

The Age of Confessional Division free essay sample

Upon the death of King Henry II, Queen Catherine and her children failed to keep peace in France that for 40 years tore France apart with civil conflict. â€Å"Like a civil conflict, the French Wars of Religion brought bewildering patterns of intrigue, betrayal and treachery. † (Levak, Muir, Veldman, 2011, p. 476) As John Calvin introduced Calvinism into France with his Protestant document the rulers thought it would be a threat to their power and a step in destruction to the church. Already hurting from the actions of King Henry VIII in England, Catholic Leaders in France came together to fight the threat of Protestantism. Most of the people in villages were slaughtered for seeking the â€Å"wrong† religion other than Catholic. Queen Catherine de Medici, a Roman Catholic was worried about preserving the rights of royal authority power through her three sons and family. As her son, Francis II, raised the persecution of the Huguenots as their plot unfolded in the Conspiracy of Ambroise. We will write a custom essay sample on The Age of Confessional Division or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This plot lead to the death of hundreds of Protestants, while Catherine tried to give Huguenots religious rights by having the Edict of Toleration issued. By Catherine doing this infuriated many Catholics and more slaughtering of Huguenots evolved. As Catherine arraigned the marriage of her daughter, Marguerite Valois to Henry of Nevarre, a Huguenot from the House of Bourbon, she plotted the Saint Bartholomew’s day Massacre to occur. She convinced her son Charles IX to lead the deaths of over â€Å"3,000 Huguenots in Paris and 20,000 more throughout France. As Catherine attempt failed to solve the Huguenot problem, Henry of Navarre sent his wife away and reinvigorated Huguenot resistance. With Charles IX and Henry III who remained childless, Henry IV became the hier to the throne and converted to Catholicism. The power of the Catholic was retained, but at the cost of their efforts to enforce that power over Protestants. In 1598 Henry issued the Edict of Nantes, giving partial religious freedom to the Huguenots. Although it was not full equality, it did end the French Wars of Religion.

Lab Report Essays - Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek, Microorganism, Staining

Lab Report Morphological Unknown Lab Report Introduction: There are many types of microorganisms in the world that may seem alike but are very different in function and purpose. That is why when one has to find what an unknown organism is he or she sees that its difficult to classify it based on its outer appearance. That is why there are many ways in order to classify microorganisms under microscopes. Two of the ways to identify microorganisms are by looking at the colony and cell morphologies or by conducting a series of stain procedures on the microorganisms. A colony is a mass of microbial cells (Colome, Ex6:28). Morphology is the colony's structure and form. There are six parameters used to describe a colony's morphology: overall appearance, colony margin (edge), elevation, size, pigmentation, and consistency (Colome, Ex6:28). Although colony morphology isn't the best way to identify microorganisms, it's helpful in recognizing some types. The other more efficient way to identify microorganisms is by staining them. A stain is used to co lor a microorganism and its background. On September 25, 2000, each microbiology lab student was given an unknown microorganism and was told to use series of staining procedures to identify his/her unknown organism. The identification key on page 61b of the microbiology lab manual was used in identifying the unknown organisms. Science

Genetically Engineered Foods Essays - Biology, Genetic Engineering

Genetically Engineered Foods Essays - Biology, Genetic Engineering Genetically Engineered Foods Introduction The use of genetically engineering in agriculture and food production has an impact, not only on the environment and biodiversity, but also on human health. Therefore, thorough biosafety assessment requires, not only an evaluation of environmental impacts of genetically engineered organisms, but also an assessment of the risks that genetically engineered food pose for the health of consumers. Let us take deeper look at some of the aspects related to genetically engineered foods. What is Genetic Engineering? Genetic engineering is a laboratory technique used by scientists to change the DNA of living organisms. DNA is the blueprint for the individuality of an organism. The organism relies upon the information stored in tits DNA for the management of every biochemical process. The life, growth and unique features of the organism depend on its DNA. The segments of DNA, which have been associated with specific features or functions of an organism, are called genes. Molecular biologists have discovered many enzymes, which change the structure of DNA in living organisms. Some of these enzymes can cut and join strands of DNA. Using such enzymes, scientists learned to cut specific genes from DNA and to build customized DNA using these genes. They also learned about vectors, strands of DNA like viruses, which can infect a cell and insert themselves into its DNA. Scientists started to build vectors, which incorporated genes of their choosing and used vectors to insert these genes into the DNA of living organisms. Genetic engineers believe that they can improve the foods we eat by doing this. At first glance, this might look exciting to some people. Deeper consideration reveals some advantages and serious dangers. What are the advantages of Genetically Engineered Food? Genetic engineering gives todays researchers considerable advantages in plant breeding programs. Predictability Scientist can identify the specific gene for a given trait, make a copy of that gene for insertion into a plant, and be certain that only the new gene is added to the plant. This eliminates the backcrossing, traditional plant breeders must do to eliminate extraneous undesired genes that are frequently introduced when using cross-hybridization. Significant acceleration of the development timetable. New technique takes about 5 years to remove the undesirable traits compared to 12 years of process with the traditional techniques. Plant breeders do not use recombinant DNA techniques exclusively. Instead they use a combination of new and traditional methods to provide a plant with quality, yield, weather and pest resistance and other desirable traits. Improved quality with more choices for the customers. Genetically engineered food especially fruits and vegetables allow to have plenty of time for shipping and sale and it helps to keep the them stay ripe without getting rotten. Some of the fruits and vegetables need warm climates to grow, so most off-season store them must travel a long way after they are picked. One example is the Flavr Savr tomatoes. To survive their journey intact, tomatoes are picked while they are green, which is a food which is a good way to avoid bruising, but which results in a tomato that is often described as having the consistency and mouth-feel of a tennis ball. In the case of Flavr Savr tomatoes, the company solved the rotting problem by inserting a reversed copy- an antisense gene of the gene that encodes the enzyme that results in tomato spoilage. This suppresses the enzyme that results in rotting, allowing the tomato to stay ripe, but not rot, up to 10 daysplenty of time for shipping and sale. Refrigeration is not necessary. What are the dangers of Genetically Engineered Food? Is it safe to eat? There has been no adequate testing to ensure that extracting genes that perform an apparently useful function as part of that plant or animal is going to have the same effects if inserted into a totally unrelated species. To consumers, most genetically engineered foods are essentially foods with added substances, usually proteins. This is because genes are translated into proteins by cells. Therefore, when a genetic engineer adds, say, a bacterial gene to a tomato, he or she is essentially adding a bacterial protein to that tomato. In most cases these added proteins would likely prove safe for human consumption. Nevertheless, just as with conventional food additives,

TERM PAPER OUTLINE

TERM PAPER OUTLINE Any term paper outline is the best reliable compass throughout the whole writing. Here an individual arranges the whole set of elements, he is prepared to discuss in his term paper. In many cases, a person has to do it on his own. But if you need a professional assistance and term paper outline, we are ready to help. The practical application of the initial idea of term paper outline creation is here as a major assistance for you to stay focused.  It is highly important to stick to selected points in your term paper. Whenever, a tutor can request you to submit your working term paper outline, you should be fully ready to present it. He or she will probably evaluate ways you are likely to develop in your thesis. Due to his educational experience, your tutor will be able to see the direction your paper is taking. If necessary, you can revise, modify and reframe the initial version of your term paper outline. For example, you discover new material and find new ideas to become a part o f your term paper. TERM PAPER OUTLINE Term paper outline is a form of a structure to follow. The benefit of having a term paper outline is often underestimated. Imagine if you were to have a complete blueprint of a house, a strict guideline to follow. Wouldn’t you want the same guideline for your own life? If you were to know that the decision that you will make will definitely bring you a success in whatever you do. Wouldn’t you want that? But anyway, a term paper outline is a source of a clear term paper structure that you will only benefit when used. Arrange the major points and sub-points you wish to discuss. Take a look at the completeness of the structure and do some add-ons at the end.   You may think that following a guideline meaning a term paper outline is challenging is not going to get you anywhere. Use your creativity as much as you want and apply the logic of an outline. Introduction presents main idea or the term paper’s purpose. Acquaint the reader with the issue or topic and suggest a thesis statement. Body will include body paragraphs, points and their supporting facts or arguments moving on to possible existing or imaginary yet possible solutions. Conclusion sums up the points you made to support the idea or term paper’s purpose. All done!

Giving tips about how to play soccer well Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Giving tips about how to play soccer well - Essay Example The Korean government has always invested a lot into the soccer industry because it is a good way to unite the nation. As far as playing soccer is concerned, it apparently seems to be very easy to play. I, however, guarantee you that when you go to the field to play soccer, it is not going to be that simple as you imagine. Therefore, I have decided to share some tips with you so as to train you to better play soccer. First of all, let me introduce the sport. Soccer is played between two 11-player teams. The players try to get points by kicking the ball, passing, shooting, heading, all by using their body except hands. To play soccer, the basic elements needed include a spherical ball, teammates, opponents, ground marked with boundaries and goals opposite each other. The teams must know all soccer rules. Readers! Do not worry, here come the tips. The first thing to remember is that there should be always appropriate form of clothing to play soccer. Have you ever gone to a dance party with your night suit on? Or, have you ever seen the bride wearing a lousy T-shirt and a pajama? Most probably, you have not (or have you?) Similarly, to play soccer, you must have proper clothes and safety gear. You need to have the clothes that the wind can easily go through because you will sweat like a pig when you are on the field. You need soccer shoes not only to prevent you from slipping on a grass field, but also to help you kick the ball more powerfully and accurately. This gear will assist you to improve your athletic ability. Glasses are not the recommended gear because you can get hurt if the ball hits your face. It can give you a serious wound, like the one I received last weekend. Oh! It still hurts. I wish I had never thought of the idea of having those glasses on! It can happen to anybod y so you should be aware of this beforehand. Remember that you play sports to have fun and not to get hurt. Now, you

TE Lawrence Fundamentals Of An Insurgency Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

TE Lawrence Fundamentals Of An Insurgency - Essay Example Those who went against the orders were either beaten or shot to death. The Taliban rule gained global condemnation for its laws or policies. Only Pakistan, United Arabs Emirates, and Saudi Arabia recognized it as legitimate. However, after the 11 September 2001 terrorist attack in the U.S, the UAE, and Saudi Arabia cut friendly and diplomatic ties with the group claiming that it was dangerous and a threat to regional and international security. In response, the U.S urged the Taliban to turn over Al-qaeda leader Osama Bin Laden but they refused. This prompted the U.S and other Western nations to start bombing Afghanistan and endorsing the Northern Alliance (Rashid, 2011). In the end, Hamid Karzai was declared as a temporary leader of the Afghan government. This signaled the end of the Taliban insurgency in Afghanistan but the group seems to be reorganizing despite most of its radical and lethal leaders being killed or imprisoned. In order to understand the activities and nature of the Taliban guerilla movement, it is vital to analyze it based on T.E Lawrence six’s fundamentals of insurgency. T.E Lawrence asserts that few words can be used to describe insurgents in context with legal armies. T.E Lawrence described six fundamental principles of insurgency. With regard to the Taliban group that operates in Afghanistan, one of the principles of insurgency described is that the group is an intricate and sophisticated enemy, which makes it hard for conventional armies of the Afghanistan government to handle. Secondly, the Taliban guerilla movement has unassailable base in that it is difficult to understand how they operate and organize themselves. Thirdly, Lawrence states that the movement must have less number of fighters, which makes it unable to occupy the disputed territory, as it is the case with the Taliban group. Fourthly, the group in this case, the Taliban has a passive support of the afghan population who does not

Religious beliefs Essay Example for Free

Religious beliefs Essay Humans have been, for ages, found themselves being challenged to do what is just and right. However, this idealism is often created out of confirming with one’s society. Each society has its own culture, principles, traditions, politics and religious beliefs. One’s act of good deed may be considered the opposite in the eyes of a person foreign to his culture. Confirming with the society’s norm had been considered a conflict to a person’s decision-making. One person may want to speak out his mind on such controversial issue but kept mum to avoid being antagonized by his peers. The public media and press became the gladiator’s arena between freedom of expression versus tact according to society. Raising one’s voice that opposed the society’s mentality is often discouraged due to gaining nothing but people’s ire. But not saying anything at all is also considered as moral cowardice- it produced same negative results as those of irresponsible communication. This essay would like to persuade its readers or listeners that voicing unpopular ideas can make a difference in the world. To quote as famous statement from the past, ‘The right way is not always the popular and easy way. Standing for right when is unpopular is a true test of moral character’’( One historical example of positive results from expressing one’s voice is found in Japan. Japanese politics had been exclusive only to men for centuries until around 1920’s. The 1920’s had been the era of revolutionary reforms that greatly overshadowed the older conservative laws under the Japanese government. With reforms being entertained to be made on the Japanese constitution, two of the most highlighted changes are the women’s suffrage and political inclusion. One notable woman who campaigned for the women’s rights is Kato Shidzue. She is the first woman to be elected in the Diet and famously assisted Margaret Sanger, a fellow feminist, in promoting birth control to Japan. It was a period where in a transition is still undergoing, from conservative upbringing to a much more liberal lifestyle. Being a feminist brought Shidzue anger from most men specifically the Japanese military. This resulted of her being arrested on 1937 for opposing to the ruling of producing as many children as possible. Yet, her perseverance of expressing her principles and fighting for equality served as one of the founding blocks of just treatment of both genders (Hopper, 2004). Another example would be Martin Luther King Jr. , the famous civil rights activist who campaign to end the racial segregation and discrimination. Despite the strong dominance of the white supremacists around that time, King took action through organized and peaceful means. He was a firm believer that violence was not the answer to the problem and knew that with this tactic it would garner the public’s attention more compared to the former. On that fateful day on the year 1963, his speech entitled I Have a Dream was the most pivotal moment during the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom. With genius use of rhetoric along with fiery passion, King called for his country to acknowledge racial equality and to end discrimination of color. His life was threatened several times due to his message of bringing equality for the ‘black people’. To this day, no single American had forgotten the I Have A Dream speech of this brave believer of what is right and just for all people (Kirk et al, 2007). History repeats itself as someone quoted from the past. To this day, this saying still rings true. Moral cowardice does have repercussions if people remain passive in a long period of time. It takes a lot of courage to stand up for one’s belief so it is reasonable if not all would be eager to clash with society’s norms. The consequences of this inaction would usually end up regrettable and horrifying. The Holocaust is one fine example. At first, the Jews were ridiculed and discriminated in Germany. No one tried to question this action for fear of receiving the Germans’ wrath. The Aryan race factor also fueled the fire which led to antagonism to both races. It was already too late as the war finally occurred; Nazis ordered a systematic genocide of all European Jews that now famously called the Holocaust. Over 17 million casualties resulted from the state-ordered annihilation (Niewyk; Nicosia, 2000). Another example would be the Martial Law in the Philippines during the 1970’s. President Ferdinand Marcos held the presidential seat for almost twenty years, ruling the country with an iron fist. For several years, only few dared to stand up against the Marcos’ regime and question their intentions on proclaiming Martial Law. The Filipinos suffered the continuous wreckage of its economy and the severe corruption of the said government. If it wasn’t for Benigno Aquino Sr. ’s assassination, the people would never be motivated to fight for their rights and wish for a democratic government (Ackerman; Duvall, 2001). A pen is mightier than a sword is not message to be taken lightly. Speaking out one’s mind has the power to motivate people to either take action or change their opinions. No matter how unpopular an idea is to the society, what mattered is the courage to stand up for one’s principles. Martin Luther King Jr. and Kato Shidzue proved that even with several obstacles barricaded in front of anyone, one should always defend what is just. As long as someone listened, there will always be people who will be supporting the idea. Moral cowardice maybe a norm for the most people around, but historical events such as the Holocaust and the Philippines’ Martial Law proved that staying tight-lipped would not guarantee’s a person’s safety. References: Helen M. Hopper, Kato Shidzue : a Japanese feminist (New York: Pearson Longman, 2004). Kirk, John A. , ed. Martin Luther King Jr. and the Civil Rights Movement: Controversies and Debates (2007). 224 pp. Niewyk, Donald L. and Nicosia, Francis R. The Columbia Guide to the Holocaust, Columbia University Press, 2000, pp. 45-52. Peter Ackerman; Jack DuVall (2001), A force more powerful: a century of nonviolent conflict, Macmillan, p. 384

Free College Admissions Essays: Interest in Computers :: College Admissions Essays

My Interest in Computers    My interest in computers goes right back to when I was eight and I used to write my own little stories on my mum's laptop. Now, not only have I got experience in using a computer, I have learned a substantial amount of HTML, through A Level ICT and self-teaching. I would like to do this course so I can develop my talent to its limits.    Two of my strengths are solving problems and having a head for figures. This is reflected in my maths predicted grade and my B in my GCSEs, and these qualities are needed by people in the field of computing. My predicted grade in chemistry shows that I have patience, which is also a desired characteristic. On top of that, my commitment to my studies is shown by my attendance record: I only missed one day in the whole of Year 11 and in Year 12 I missed none.    As you can see above, I have had a part time job in Sainsbury's for more than a year now, and due to this I have gained the important qualities of communication, teamwork and independence. Also, in Year 10 I had two weeks work experience in Luton & Dunstable Tax Office. Although this placement wasn't specifically related to the Internet, I got a taste of what it's like to use computers at an actual place of work.    I have successfully completed my Bronze Duke of Edinburgh's award, in which I improved my ability in snooker and cycling, and helped run a cub pack at my local scout group. At my school I'm not afraid to take on responsibilities. In year 10 I volunteered to be a reading mentor to the younger students. In year 11 I was a school prefect. Last year I helped with activities to raise money for the Christian charity CAFOD. I've also read in school masses and represented my school in athletics. Out of school hours, I like to play snooker, go to the cinema and train in the gym.

North American Free Trade Agreement

The NAFTA agreement was signed in 1992, ratified in 1993 and implemented in 1994. It was designed to completely rescind trade barriers between these three nations. It had been surmised that this agreement would enhance employment due to increase in trade (North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) , 1995).This agreement, which is second only to the European Economic Area in trade volumes, constitutes a single free trading zone for approximately three hundred and sixty – five million consumers of these three countries. It set aside import duties on a large number of goods that were exported from the US to Mexico and over a period of fourteen years, hoped to eliminate all tariffs. Subsequently, sections on affording protection to workers and the environment were included (Vogel, 2007).An agreement was reached between Canada, Mexico and the United States of America, whereby a free trade zone was to be created between these countries. This was termed as the North American Free Tr ade Agreement or the NAFTA. It has been instrumental in providing a platform for resolving trade related disputes amongst these nations. Furthermore, the NAFTA has actively taken up the safeguarding of intellectual property rights and compliance with the laws relating to the protection of such rights (North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) , 2003).The NAFTA has engendered bitter and persistent opposition. A number of collective bargaining organizations have highlighted the fact that the prevalence of abundant and comparatively cheaper labor in Mexico has prompted several manufacturers to shift their operations to that country. The result of this relocation has been a drastic reduction of jobs in the US. However, opponents to this contention have argued that the free trade brought about by the NAFTA has generated more jobs than it has destroyed in the US (North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) , 2002).There has been a marked increase in unemployment in the US. Moreover, the number of immigrants, both legal and illegal, into the US has depicted an unprecedented increase. The mass immigration of Mexicans is so grave that on many an occasion, they have risked their lives to enter the US. A meaningful decision regarding the various disputes besetting NAFTA has not been taken and it seems to have failed miserably (Tonelson, 2004).The consensus of most of the authentic reports has been that NAFTA has benefited only the transnational corporations. Workers, farmers and small businesses in Canada, Mexico and the US have uniformly been put to a huge loss. In addition, the environment has also sustained considerable damage due to this agreement. The health, safety and rights of labor in all three countries were badly compromised. However, there was a significant boost to the economy of the US and Mexico (Brown). Therefore, it can be stated, unequivocally, that the NAFTA, has by and large been a fiasco and the only beneficiaries have been the transnational corpor ations. â€Å"North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).† The New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy, Houghton Mifflin. 2002. CredoReference. 18 December 2007 . The New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy, Houghton Mifflin, 2002, s.v. â€Å"North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA),† DISPLAYURL (accessed December 18, 2007). http://www.credoreference.com/entry/2444726ReferencesBrown, G. (n.d.). Speak Out: Portrait of a Failure, NAFTA and Workplace Health and Safety. Retrieved December 18, 2007, from MHSSN: http://mhssn.igc.org/brown_synergist.htmNorth American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) . (2002). Retrieved December 18 , 2007, from The New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy, Houghton Mifflin: http://www.credoreference.com/entry/2444726North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) . (1995). Retrieved December 18 , 2007, from In Dictionary of Economics, Wiley: http://www.credoreference.com/entry/2765482North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)North American Free Trade Agreemen t (NAFTA) . (2003). Retrieved December 18, 2007, from Webster's New World Finance and Investment Dictionary: http://www.credoreference.com/entry/Tonelson, A. (2004, January 20). NAFTA at 10 – A Miserable Failure. Retrieved December 18, 2007, from American Economic Alert: http://www.americaneconomicalert.org/view_art.asp?Prod_ID=936Vogel, D. (2007). North American Free Trade Agreement . Microsoft ® Student 2008 [DVD] . Redmond, WA: Microsoft Corporation  ® 2008.  © 1993-2007 Microsoft Corporation. North American Free Trade Agreement NAFTA agreement was signed in 1992, ratified in 1993 and implemented in 1994. It was designed to completely rescind trade barriers between these three nations. It had been surmised that this agreement would enhance employment due to increase in trade (North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) , 1995).This agreement, which is second only to the European Economic Area in trade volumes, constitutes a single free trading zone for approximately three hundred and sixty – five million consumers of these three countries. It set aside import duties on a large number of goods that were exported from the US to Mexico and over a period of fourteen years, hoped to eliminate all tariffs. Subsequently, sections on affording protection to workers and the environment were included (Vogel, 2007).An agreement was reached between Canada, Mexico and the United States of America, whereby a free trade zone was to be created between these countries. This was termed as the North American Free Trade Agreement or the NAFTA. It has been instrumental in providing a platform for resolving trade related disputes amongst these nations. Furthermore, the NAFTA has actively taken up the safeguarding of intellectual property rights and compliance with the laws relating to the protection of such rights (North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) , 2003).The NAFTA has engendered bitter and persistent opposition. A number of collective bargaining organizations have highlighted the fact that the prevalence of abundant and comparatively cheaper labor in Mexico has prompted several manufacturers to shift their operations to that country. The result of this relocation has been a drastic reduction of jobs in the US. However, opponents to this contention have argued that the free trade brought about by the NAFTA has generated more jobs than it has destroyed in the US (North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) , 2002).There has been a marked increase in unemployment in the US. Moreover, the num ber of immigrants, both legal and illegal, into the US has depicted an unprecedented increase. The mass immigration of Mexicans is so grave that on many an occasion, they have risked their lives to enter the US. A meaningful decision regarding the various disputes besetting NAFTA has not been taken and it seems to have failed miserably (Tonelson, 2004).The consensus of most of the authentic reports has been that NAFTA has benefited only the transnational corporations. Workers, farmers and small businesses in Canada, Mexico and the US have uniformly been put to a huge loss. In addition, the environment has also sustained considerable damage due to this agreement. The health, safety and rights of labor in all three countries were badly compromised. However, there was a significant boost to the economy of the US and Mexico (Brown). Therefore, it can be stated, unequivocally, that the NAFTA, has by and large been a fiasco and the only beneficiaries have been the transnational corporatio ns. â€Å"North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).† The New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy, Houghton Mifflin. 2002. CredoReference. 18 December 2007 . The New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy, Houghton Mifflin, 2002, s.v. â€Å"North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA),† DISPLAYURL (accessed December 18, 2007). http://www.credoreference.com/entry/2444726ReferencesBrown, G. (n.d.). Speak Out: Portrait of a Failure, NAFTA and Workplace Health and Safety. Retrieved December 18, 2007, from MHSSN: http://mhssn.igc.org/brown_synergist.htmNorth American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) . (2002). Retrieved December 18 , 2007, from The New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy, Houghton Mifflin: http://www.credoreference.com/entry/2444726North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) . (1995). Retrieved December 18 , 2007, from In Dictionary of Economics, Wiley: http://www.credoreference.com/entry/2765482North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)North American Free Trade Agreement (N AFTA) . (2003). Retrieved December 18, 2007, from Webster's New World Finance and Investment Dictionary: http://www.credoreference.com/entry/Tonelson, A. (2004, January 20). NAFTA at 10 – A Miserable Failure. Retrieved December 18, 2007, from American Economic Alert: http://www.americaneconomicalert.org/view_art.asp?Prod_ID=936Vogel, D. (2007). North American Free Trade Agreement . Microsoft ® Student 2008 [DVD] . Redmond, WA: Microsoft Corporation  ® 2008.  © 1993-2007 Microsoft Corporation.

Gambino cleaning products salesman Essay

Description of the proposed system Description of the problem A new system of calculating and reporting on cleaning products salesmen is to be designed and implemented. Cleaning products salesmen commission is based on a set of data which is the monthly sales of cleaning products sold by the salesmen. Objectives The new system must: Â  Be automated as far as possible, needing no thorough knowledge of spreadsheets, databases or any other software in order to operate it. Â  Have fitted controls to ensure precision and completeness of data input. Â  Take into account commission payments from monthly sales. Print commission reports for each of the salesmen, and a summary report showing total paid to each salesman and overall total. Include an option to delete commission records previous to a given date so that the file does not increase for an indefinite period. The proposed new system can be shown in a level 0 data flow diagram as follows: A level 1 Data Flow Diagram of the proposed system is as follows: User functions 1. The Commissioning Salesman in the Sales Department will be responsible for entering all details of new cleaning products salesman and new products. 2. An Accounts clerk will have special responsibility for the commission system. 3. The Accounts clerk will enter each month the sales of each product, giving quantity sold and gross sales value (i. e. quantity X cover price). 4. Every 6 months, the Accounts clerk will produce the Commission reports for each cleaning products salesman. This will show the commission that has been earned in the previous 6 months. A payment is then recorded and a cheque issued to each cleaning products salesman to whom commission is due, together with the Commission statement showing sales details, and the statement from the Accounts system the total amount due. Database specification Menu structure The many functions of the Commission System will be accessed by means of a front-end menu, which will have the following structure. The data model There are three main entities in this system related in the entity relationship diagram shown below. Because a many-to-many relationship cannot be applied in a relational database, an additional entity named Salesman/Product is introduced. The ERD can now be drawn as follows: The database for Gambino cleaning products salesman system specification will have the following tables: tblSalesman (SalesmanID, Surname, FirstName). Foreign key in tblSalesman/Product ProductName Text (40) Product title tblProduct SalesTeam Text (40) All salesman who sell a product tblProduct Price Currency Product price tblProduct StandardCommission Number Percentage commission on each product sold 1-10 tblSalesman/Products BonusCommission Number Bonus percentage commission on each products sold 11-20 tblSalesman/Products SalesNumber Number 1=Standard commission 2=Bonus Commission 1 or 2 tblSales QuantitySold Number Number of products sold tblSales GrossValue Currency Data Dictionary Input Specification Three input forms will be required. frmProducts. This will be used to enter product details. frmSalesman This will be used to enter details of a salesman and all products on which they receive commission. The commission percentages for each product will be entered in a subform of the main form. Validation methods: The Product ID will be selected from a drop-down list of existing Product ID’s. Once a Product ID is entered, the product name will be automatically displayed. frmTransaction This form will be used to enter transactions. Validation methods: Only valid dates will be accepted. The Product ID will be selected from a drop down list of existing Product ID’s. Once a Product ID is entered, the product name will be automatically displayed. Selecting a radio button so that only a valid alternative can be selected will choose the transaction type. Process Specification Commission Calculations To calculate the commission for a given transaction, a query has to be performed to combine attributes from tblTransaction, tblProduct, tblProduct/Salesman and tblSalesman. The calculation of the commission is performed as follows: If TransactionType = 1 (i. e ‘sales’) ThenRate = StandardCommissionRate ElseRate = BonusCommissionRate endif Amount = Rate * GrossValue. These processes will be carried out in qryCommission. This query will be the source of both the commission report and the summary report. Maintenance Each year, transactions prior to a given date will be removed from tblTransactions. This prevents the transaction file from becoming too large and slowing down the system. The maintenance will be carried out as follows: Run a Delete query to delete records from tblTransaction. Test Plan Tests will be carried out using valid and invalid data and data at the extremes of acceptable values. The following test data will be used. tblSalesman Salesman ID Surname Firstname STEVED Stevens David. Test urpose Expected result 1 Select enter data from main menu, then select Products. To check if the menu options work and that a Products form opens at a new record. Products form opens at a new record. 2 Enter data from test data set. Try entering an invalid date i. e. 3/9/2001 To check the menu options work and that the Salesman form opens at a new record. Salesman form opens at a new record. 3 Select Enter Data from Main menu and then select Salesman. To check if the menu options work and that the Salesman form opens at a new record. Salesman form opens at a new record. 4 Enter data from test data set. To check if valid data is accepted. All valid data accepted. 5 Try entering product ID of BB113. Test that no product can be entered unless it exists on product table. Record rejected. 6 Select Enter Data from Main menu and select Sales To check the menu options work and that the sales form opens at a new record. Sales form opens at a new record. 7 Attempt to enter a new sale with date 3/9/2001 To test if date is validated. Error message will appear on leaving field. 8 Select reports from Main menu then select Product details. Test to see if the Product details display all products entered. All products appear on the report. 9 Select report from the Main menu then select Commission report. Check to see if Commission report details are correct. User is asked to enter start and end dates for report. All commission is calculated correctly. 10 Select Reports from Main menu the select Summary report. Check that Summary report is correct. User is asked to enter start and end dates for report. All totals are calculated correctly. 11 Add 2 transactions for dates in 1999. then select Maintenance from Main menu and identify deletion of records prior to 31/12/1999 Check that Maintenance option deletes records prior to date user enters. The two records are deleted from table. 12 Add a transaction for 31/12/1999. then select Maintenance from Main menu and identify deletion of records prior to 31/12/1999. Check that maintenance option deletes records for date user enters. The record is deleted from table. 13 Select Exit from Main menu To check if the main menu option works correctly. Database closes. Development Plan The planned schedule for development is given below. Week beggining Task Comments 29/01/2004 Detailed design spec 29/01/2004 Tables created 01/02/2004 Input forms created 15/02/2004 Queries and reports created Reports on products and salesman 21/02/2004 Standard commission report created 27/02/2004 Procedures for clearing file developed Clearing records prior to given date 29/02/2004 Testing and modifications 03/03/2004 Testing and modifications 06/03/2004 Documentation 08/03/2004 Installation and entry of master file data. A period of parallel running will follow with reports produced from old and new systems. Conclusion The system will be implemented by Microsoft Access 2000. It will run on any existing PC. The database will be accessible from any of the Departments which are responsible for keeping the data up to date. These departments include Accounts and Sales departments. The system is expected to be tested and installed by the end of April 2004. Sunit Dhadra 12K AVCE ICT AVCE ICT Unit 1 Sunit Dhadra 12K AVCE ICT.

A Bridge Over The River Kwai by Pierre Boulle.

A Bridge Over The River Kwai by Pierre Boulle. A Bridge Over The River KwaiA bridge needed to be built over the River Kwai, connecting Bangkok to Rangoon along the Burma-Siam Railway. The task needed to be accomplished in 1943 by a Japanese prisoner-of-war camp in Burma. This camp was run by Colonel Saito. The prisoners of war at this camp were mainly British soldiers led by Colonel Nicholson. The prisoners had to work from dawn to dusk in jungle heat and contend with malaria, dysentery, beri-beri and jungle soars. They only had six months to complete the bridge.Colonel Saito uses the British soldiers because they are very skilled at building bridges and allows their colonel, Colonel Nicholson, to command them. Colonel Nicholson becomes very obsessed in building the bridge and doesn't want any interference.While the bridge was being built, Force 316 (an envoy of American and British soldiers) were hiding in the jungle near the bridge planning to blow it up upon completion.Crew List for the Ship 'Tory'They couldn't get word to Col onel Nicholson in fear they would be discovered.The bridge gets completed in six months. On the day the first train is to go over it, Force 316 has it rigged to be blown up. Colonel Nicholson discovers the plot to blow up the bridge minutes before the train arrives. The British men of Force 316 try to tell Colonel Nicholson that they are British soldiers, just like him, and have orders to blow up the bridge but he would not listen.He calls to Japanese guards for help and the bridge never blows up. However, Colonel Saito, Colonel Nicholson and two Force 316 soldiers die.The Bridge Over The River Kwai was a very interesting book. It pitted two colonels against each other, one British - one Japanese, and both out to do their...

Short Quotes About Life

Short Quotes About Life Given a chance, most people will wax eloquent on the meaning of life. A discussion on this subject can continue for hours. Self-styled philosophers cannot restrain themselves from examining life at length from every possible angle: birth, childhood, growing up, love, family, career, retirement, old age, and finally, death.We can only see the tip of the never-ending iceberg called life. Life has much more depth and dimension than one can fathom. Yet, despite its limitless dimensions, life can be defined in just a few words. As the great Mahatma Gandhi put it simply, Where there is love, there is life. Finding the Love in Life A life bereft of love is a poor thing indeed. Romantics claim that the absence of a significant other is the cruelest blow that life can deal you. They say that you have not lived until you have loved. However, ​romantic love is only part of the tapestry of relationships that enriches life. There is love for parents, siblings and friends; love for pets; love for adventure; love for home; love for movies, books, travel, art, and so much more. German writer and philosopher Johann Wolfgang von Goethe said, We are shaped and fashioned by what we love.Love gives us reason to live. It brings joy to our daily life. Love reigns supreme in our happiest moments, working behind the scenes to make them happier. Love for life increases the joy of being alive, even in the face of harsh circumstances. Love can help overcome your deepest grief and your darkest fears.We are advised not to dwell on our sorrow, but to pick up where we left off and march forward. Nevertheless, it helps to underst and sadness. We follow the greatest tragedies on the silver screen. We read about real and fictional heroes. We weep with them but come home purged of our sorrow, and gifted with a new perspective on life. If you are looking for quick succor, these sad quotes provide nuggets of wisdom. Learn From Lifes Experiences Our experiences – whether happy or sad, peaceful or nerve-wracking, memorable or forgettable – make us who we are. French sculptor Auguste Rodin had said, Nothing is a waste of time if you use the experience wisely. He couldnt have put it better. This collection of short quotes conveys two important messages: one, that life is a collection of myriad experiences; and two, that the best advice is brief. Dont Dwell on the Past Some people are constantly telling the world about their troubled past. They dwell on past events but fail to learn from their experiences. They jump into the same difficult situations repeatedly, and then cry, Woe is me! Take the case of the serial cheater. Or the bum who refuses to leave the couch. Or the never-quite-recovering gambler. They claim that circumstances are against them, forgetting that life is what we make of it. Successful people are those who learn from their experiences. Sometimes, these lessons can only be learned in retrospect. A short wise quote by Ralph Waldo Emerson says it best, The years teach much which the days never knew. Growing up Is Not a Cakewalk Children and teens are busy trying to act like grownups, while adults spend their days reminiscing about the carefree days of childhood. Aristotle was right when he said, The gods too are fond of a joke. This short quote is funny but it gets the point across. It offers a humorous explanation for why we keep pining for what we do not possess, constantly seeking the elusive greener grass.Our search for what could be continues into old age, when we wistfully remember the years gone by. The optimists enjoy every moment, spending time with their children and grandchildren, putting their free time to the best possible use. The pessimists and the unfortunate fail to notice the joys of life as they wait impatiently for death to show its face. If you cannot understand this obsession with death, these short death quotes will help you grasp a different point of view. For instance, you may consider death to be a terrible thing but poet Walt Whitman would disagree with you. He once wrote, Nothing can happen more beautiful than death. Humor Makes Life Bearable A few days ago, I came across an incisive quotation by Irish playwright George Bernard Shaw. He said, Life does not cease to be funny when people die any more than it ceases to be serious when people live. Shaw was known for his witty turn of phrase, and his ability to see the comic side of life. In this quote, he hits the nail on the head, reminding us that humor and seriousness exist irrespective of life or death. That is why American humorist Philander Johnsons famous words, Cheer up, the worst is yet to come, never fails to rouse laughter. If you think about it, Johnsons prediction is terrible. Yet, humor makes that inevitability easier to bear.Short funny sayings raise spirits even amid grave circumstances. You can find intriguing opinions on life, death, and everything in between in these collections of short funny quotes. Remember, laughter is the best medicine. The next time you find life becoming a little too dreary, give yourself the gift of laughter. Read some funny short quotes when you feel weepy. Loosen up a little when things do not go your way. Keep in mind that ever-pertinent line by American author Elbert Hubbard, Dont take life too seriously. Youll never get out of it alive. Live it while you still can! Charlie BrownIn the book of life, the answers arent in the back.Samuel JohnsonSome desire is necessary to keep life in motion.John Walters Life is short, so enjoy it to the fullest.David SeltzerFor some moments in life there are no words.Edward FitzgeraldI am all for the short and merry life.Anthony HopkinsI love life because what more is there.D. H. LawrenceLife is ours to be spent, not to be saved.Woody AllenLife is divided into the horrible and the miserable.Johann Wolfgang von GoetheA useless life is an early death.Donald TrumpEverything in life is luck.Bertolt Brecht Life is short and so is money.Robert ByrneThe purpose of life is a life of purpose.James DeanDream as if youll live forever, live as if youll die today.Chinese ProverbBe not afraid of going slowly; be afraid only of standing still.Albert CamusLife is the sum of all your choices.Moroccan ProverbHe who has nothing to die for has nothing to live for.Emily DickinsonTo live is so startling it leaves little time for anyth ing else.Will SmithLife is lived on the edge.John LennonLife is what happens to you while youre busy making other plans.Walter AnnenbergAccomplish something every day of your life.Alfred HitchcockDrama is life with the dull bits cut out.Simone WeilEvery perfect life is a parable invented by God.

Choose one Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Choose one - Essay Example Parents should show their children the value of improving the innate talents. Children have different mindsets and temperaments since some are shy while other display self-confidence. According to the ethical principle of common good, parents should allow their children to attain both spiritual and human flourishing by encouraging the development of innate talents (Gill 98). The society should also allow each human being to fulfill his vocation by offering an enabling environment for the development of talents. For instance, Josh Waitskin started playing chess at six years and won the first championships at age of age. Josh followed his innate talent and his learning process. Josh’s mother never discouraged his child to start playing Chess despite his young age. According to Josh, parents should encourage children to express their own unique individual personality. Parents have the ethical duty to instill confidence and assist their children develop the talents. According to t he principle of distributive justice, every human being in the society should be accorded human dignity and respect notwithstanding his quality of judgments. Parents should allow their children the opportunity to learn from their own experiences (Gill 110). Sadly, Josh Waitzkin lost his passion for Chess at 19 years due to pressure to meet other people’s expectations. Josh advises school authorities and parents to encourage children to listen to their â€Å"own natural voice and help the kids to develop their innate gifts (Josh, Waitzkin YouTube video)† On the other hand, opponents assert that parents should control the choices of their children regarding the development of innate talents. They argue that children have no ability to make informed decisions thus lack the right to choice. Parents should make decisions on the choices of their children regarding the development of innate gifts. Parents should set high and realistic goals for their

Ethics Audit Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Ethics Audit - Essay Example Hence, they are under intense pressures to ensure their own wellbeing, if not survival. Ends and activities not directly tied to their own survival or well-being, and not protected by other supportive conditions, naturally come under pressures for reduction or elimination. "Ethics is a moving target. Social values shift over time, influenced by a complex web of factors. Employers must keep a close eye on those values and, when possible, proactively address ethical dilemmas emerging in their companies" (Vickers 2005, p. 26). Fo P&G, business ethics is much more than an expression of taste, however strongly felt. Properly understood, business ethics is in fact about moral principles; indeed, it is the application of ethics to, or in, specifically business situations and activities. For P&G, ethics refers to moral codes and the actions enjoined by them as well as to the study of either or both. Indeed, when dealing with received opinion, such common usages will be observed, both with respect to "ethics" and to "business ethics." When strictly used, however, the term "ethics" refers properly to a subsection of philosophy, that which seeks to identify and clarify the presuppositions of human conduct having to do with good and evil (International Business E thics Institutive 2008). In a work on business ethics, the grounds of ethical activity, like the existence of business, must be taken as given. Certain implications of the philosophical nature of ethics are, however, crucial to the question of universality. "At Procter & Gamble, we have maintained strong Corporate Governance polices and practices for many years. These core values set a tone of integrity for the entire company-one that is reinforced consistently at all levels and in all countries" (P & G Home Page 2008). The most important, is that as a purely theoretical discipline, ethics has no necessary connection to any existing system of religious belief, or any specific legal framework, or any particular moral code. As a result, the commonly cited variations of actual practice are simply irrelevant to the question of whether there are universal truths of business ethics--cultural diversity, even cultural relativism, does not and cannot justify ethical relativism (Swanson, 2005 ). Nevertheless, although ethics is essentially theoretical, there is a metaphorical sense in which the techniques and principles of ethics proper can still be helpful in dealing with real life problems--the clarity of thought and awareness of key concepts developed in philosophical study may well inform action. It is in this extended sense that one may properly speak of "applied ethics," or the "application" of ethics to business, or of ethics "enjoining" specific courses of action. Business ethics is simply the application of general moral principles to specifically business situations and activities Husted et al 1996). The Function of Business Ethics P&G customizes its ethical culture to match unique needs and values of the company to global business demands. The function of business ethics is to resolve or at least to clarify the moral issues which typically arise in commerce. Starting from an analysis of the nature and

Case Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Case - Coursework Example If the consumer thinks Lysol will prevent H1N1 the more Lysol will be sold. This will help expand the Lysol brand from just a cleaning product into a necessary household item. It would be very easy to persuade the consumer buy Lysol if the idea it will keep H1N1 away. Lysol has been transforming its product for years. One example is creating the spray can. Another is the creating better smells. Instead of the medicinal smell of the fifties, now Lysol smells of flowers and fruits. Wipes and hand sanitizers are the newest thing that needs to be promoted through advertising. This transformation of the product needs to be pointed out. Lysol is not the only disinfectant spray, wipe, or cleaning solution. Other brands like Clorox, Pine-sol, and so forth have brand name recognition also. Lysol has been around for a long time, but so have the others. Lysol can kill germs, but so can the others. The difference is brand recognition. Lysol has been a trusted brand many have grown up with. Instilling the preference of one brand over another can only be achieved through skillful

Fw Taylor Scientific Management Theory Business Essay

Fw Taylor Scientific Management Theory Business Essay This leadership style is about take it or leaves it, which means that the boss has the right to make decisions not the workers. In such leadership style there is always one way communication. Workers sometime feel demotivated because the managers do not benefits from the experience of their employees working in organization from a very long. Democratic There is a two way communication which means that in democratic leadership style workers are also involve in decision making because managers think that they can get new ideas from workers for the success of the business. While making quick decisions consulting staff can be a time consuming as well. Paternalistic This is leadership style where managers consult staff to make decisions but at the end managers decide what they think is the best for them. In such case workers sometime gets demotivated because they give their ideas but managers just ignore them due to which workers think that they are just a time wasters. Laisse Fair A type of leadership where managers let worker go and delegate all the authority of decision making. Workers have full rights of decision making as the managers are not even able to come up with any goal or direction and completely involve workers in decision making. Some employees sometime get lost because of a lack of direction and framework and no feedback from managers. P7 F.W Taylor Scientific Management Theory Taylor made his first attempt on workers motivation. His thoughts about workers motivation were that management should give workers proper instructions about their job to increase workers productivity. Taylors scientific approach was that select worker to perform a task, record the time taken by each worker to do each part of the task and then identify the quickest method recorded, train workers by the recorded quickest method and do not allow workers to make any changes to it, give workers a specific time period to complete their task and supervise them so that they do not exceed the given time limit and pay workers based on their performance. The result of Taylors research was that many industries adopt Taylors approach for greater profit as the approach was about increase productivity and performance related pay. Adams Equity Theory A theory which focuses on peoples feelings of how fairly they have been treated Depends on the comparisons we make with others and on how we perceive the relationship between inputs i-e time, effort, skills, experience, ideas and outputs i-e remuneration and recognition. If we think we have done better than we should have done, we may feel some tension but can bear that more easily than feeling hard done by Elton Mayo Human Relations Theory Mayo is best known for his Hawthorne effect. These were based on series of experiments conducted over five year period. Initially his work was based on the assumptions that working conditions, lighting, rest periods etc has a significant impact on workers productivity. But later on experiments were conducted which forced mayo to accept that working conditions are not important in determining productivity level as there are other motivational factors needed to improve workers productivity level. Mayo did the conclusion from his work that changes in working conditions and financial reward have little or no impact on productivity while when there is a team or group working system in industries, management consult workers, take interest in their work, give workers role in decision making can be improve productivity level. Maslow Hierarchy Theory Maslows hierarchy of needs Physiological Need These are the basic needs thus managers should give employees a proper salaries so that employees purchase the basic necessities of their life. They should give break and eating opportunities for their employees. Safety Needs These needs includes environmental, emotional and safety protection. Managers should give workers flexible contracts, health and safety at work, financial security etc to retain them. Social Needs This is about the social event for the employees and making team work system by the managers to encourage employees towards their jobs. Esteem Needs Esteem needs of employees can be fulfill by managers to reward employees and exceed their targets. Manager can give employees higher job positions in organization which helps in bringing the status of employees higher. Self Actualization Self actualization needs are the need where managers give challenges to their employees during their jobs to fully utilize employees skills and growth opportunities are also given to employees by the managers so that they reach to its highest. Hygiene Theory Hygiene needs are the needs which does not meet and cause employees to dissatisfaction. Meeting these needs does make employees satisfy but it hardly prevents them from dissatisfaction. Hygiene is a medical word which means to do something that is necessary. If the Hygiene motivation theory is present then management should not only provide hygiene factors to avoid dissatisfaction of employees but should also provide factors to the work itself for their employees to be satisfied with their jobs. Below is the table that contains factors that lead employees to satisfaction and dissatisfaction; Factors leads employees to satisfaction Factors leads employees to dissatisfaction Achievement Recognition Work Itself Responsibilities Advancement Growth Company policy Supervision Relationship with Boss Work Conditions Salaries Vroom Expectancy Theory of Motivation Vroom suggested that individuals choose to behave in ways that they believe will lead to outcomes that value. His expectancy theory states that individuals have different sets of goals and can be motivated if they believe that there is a positive link between effort and performance and favorable performance will result on a desirable reward. The reward will satisfy important needs. His expectancy theory is based on the following beliefs; Valence: The depth of the want of an employee for a reward such as money or a reward such as satisfaction. Expectancy: The degree to which people believe that putting effort into work will lead a given level of performance. Instrumentality: The confidence of an employee that he/she will actually get what they desire even if it promised by the manager. P8 Monetary Rewards It is also called financial reward system where organizations motivate employees through money. Below are some monetary reward systems; Hourly or wage rate system This is the most common way of paying and multiplies it by the wage rate so that employees collect their wages by the end of the day. A problem with this system is that workers deliberately slow down their work during the day so that they finish their work late and work as an over time. in such cases employees have no job security and incase of sickness a worker does not get paid. Piece Rate System This is given by FW Taylor which is about output related pay. Workers get paid according to their work they have done in a time period. Incase of sickness there is no money and also workers do work quickly in order to make more money due to which quality can be comprise. Salary System Salary is only given to an employee who has legal job contract. Diference in salaries of two different employees is due to the difference in their skills. Employees sometime get an increase in their salaries by the end of the year. Employees with legal contracts get paid even when an employee is sick or on vocation. Commissions Usually given to sales men and is calculated as percentage of sales that an employee make. Normally an employee gets a basic salary plus commission to motivate worker to work hard. This means that an employees income is dependent upon their work however workers do not like to work just on commission. Performance Related Pay Usually given to above average performance workers and is given to management staff. It involves the following procedures; Give workers a target to achieve in a specific time period Check workers performance at the end of the time period Pay workers according to the degree to which they meet the target. A problem with performance related pay is that can do favoritism and pay their family and friends instead someone who really deserves it. Profit sharing This is a way of paying senior management staff i-e CEO or MD. The idea behind it is to break the line and make employees apart of the owners. Usually companies share profits by giving shares, dividends, share in sales revenue, share in retained profits etc. By profit sharing companies get 100% loyalty and motivation from their employees. Non Monetary Rewards This is called non financial rewards where organizations motivate their employees not through money. They motivate employees through training, interaction and delegation and authority. Below are some non monetary reward systems; Job Rotation it is originated from Japan where organizations change the departments of their employees time after time. Job rotation does not bore make an employee get bore with his job because his jobs rotates to different departments with different jobs. Sooner the employee becomes a multi specialize person. Job Enrichment An employee stays on his post but his job scope and responsibility increases. This means an organization load an employee with more than one task. Job Enrichment Given by Herzberg involves not only allowing an employee reach to his full ability but also giving less supervision. This involves the following 3 steps; Let the worker perform a complete unit of tasks so that a worker does not get bored by doing the same job again and again. In other words do not do division of labor. Place a system where you can measure the performance of workers. Let the workers know that this hard work is being judged. Give workers task or challenges other than their routine work. Team Working Division of labor moves away team building therefore do not do division of labor and let employees join teams of their own choice. A team can choose a leader, can be given targets, and team member develop team spirits and hence workers are more productive. A common example a team building is a cell production. Experience shows that firms that encourage team building come up with more quality work. Quality Circles A quality circle is a group of friends meeting in informal manner once a week to discuss about work. Usually if new ideas comes out of a circle the is communicated to the CEO. A disadvantage of quality circle is that workers gossip and talks against each other. Target Setting When an organization sets targets then the following is obtained; They can have a starting point They can have an end point They can choose a direction They can put a time frame They can have a control mechanism They can check the performance of workers. Delegation and Empowerment When the authority is delegated to someone then it means that a person is trust worthy and a trust worthy person always maintain his trust and work hard for the success of the organization. P9 Formal Group It is a systematic grouping of workers in organization to achieve organizational goal in a best possible way. The importance of formal group working is discussed below; Importance of formal group working It helps to carry out specific tasks into different departments to deal with human resources, marketing or accounts. Groups set up from time to time to deal with particular problems i-e to discuss how the introduction of new technology might be handled. Group comes together to work on particular project of organization. Informal Group A group formed by the employees themselves having similar interest or may have something else in common. The importance of informal group working is discussed below; Importance of Informal Group Working Informal groups can improve communication and exchange of ideas for employees in organization and can make work more enjoyable. It helps to support their group members and protect them from the external authority and outside pressure. It increases the employees security and sometime it also enable work to be done more effectively. Group working also assist managers to solve problems as when they notice that any individual is involve in taking advantage of a situation which can cause problem for the group members, they just take a step to come over such situation before the manager is aware of it. Factors which Affect Individual Behavior at Work The major factors affect individual behaviors at work are Demographic factors, abilities and skill, attitude and personality. All these factors are discussed below; Demographic Demographic factor is about the background of an individual according to his, education, skill, age, nationality etc. Organization always prefer such an individual that belongs to a have high qualification, having good skills for communication, young age etc because organizations believe that such individuals are performing well for organization. Individuals belong to a good background having good and effective communication skills are always in demand by organizations. Study of demographic factors really helps managers to select a candidate for a particular job. Ability and Skills The physical power of individual to do something is call ability while skills are defined as the ability to perform in a way that allow individual to perform well. The performance of individual is highly influence by the ability and skills because with full ability and well skill can perform well for the organizations and managers always try to hire an individual that meet the required ability and skill for a specific job. Attitude It can be defined as the ability to respond favorably or unfavorably to some sort of objects or situations. Culture, organization, society has an influence in formation of attitude because employees perform in organization in the way they have their environment. Managers are bound to study variables of a specific job to create an environment for their employees so that they have a positive attitude towards their jobs. Personality it can be defined as the study of characteristics of an individual and the way in which an individual respond. There are many factors that influence in individuals personality i-e culture, society and situations etc. Every individual has difference in their manner while responding to organizational environment. Organizations need to discover about the personality of individual through learning, observation and training etc for a particular job in organization. P10 The Major Factors That Lead to Effective Teamwork Communication Effective teamwork facilitates through clear communication. Team members must follow the same line with respect to their targets and responsibilities. Effective communication is supported by the a particular methods and mediums of communication in certain circumstances and such mediums of communication can be one to one meetings, emails, group talks etc. all the team member should feel free to know about further clarification and responsibilities of job and should feel free to make any suggestion for the advancement of the team. If any conflict arises and teams engage to overcome, they only way to overcome such conflict is to have effective communication instead of solving the issue in gossip. Leadership Leadership plays an important role in leading an effective teamwork. Managers should support all the team members by making them feel as they all work to their highest potential. They should encourage the team members to speak during team meetings to coordinate the efforts of the team members. By doing so motivation arises from managers for the team members and the team members feel as they are also part of the organization and perform with their full potential for the success of the organization. Team Building Exercises Shared experiences and practices also play an important role in developing an effective teamwork. By the introduction of new technology some team member will not see each other without making appoint. Team building exercises target to improve specific aspects of team such as communication and creativity. Games are the effective way to make the entire team member together to improve their relationship and promote their understanding of interest, strength and weaknesses etc. Factors that Threaten Teams Success Motivation Motivation is about to encourage workers to increase productivity and to improve their performance. If there is no concept of motivation in organization and teams do not have any rights to give any suggestion for the success of the business then teams will get demotivated and will promote their teams towards success. Leadership Leadership can be a threat for the teams success in such a manner that if there is an autocratic leadership style in organization and all the rights are with the managers not with the team workers, in any organization where the team workers do not have the right find any solution for the minor issue arise while they are working and are bound to ask for the upper level manager for any conflict then the team will not last for longer and their team development will come to stop at that point. Advancement in the new technology With the introduction of new technology team members of some organizations do not have the ability to operate with it and the team members need to have a proper on the job and off the job training. If organization fails to provide training program for their team to get use of the new technology this will be the serious threat for the success of the teams. P11 Impact of Technology on Communication and Information Technology Technology has increased the speed of communication between office workers, communication with suppliers, banks, and even with customers. Technology came up with computers, internet and intranet which made communication easy and faster. Team workers communicate with each other for achieving their team task through emails. Every team has a team leader and the leader passes the information to the rest of the team members. Email made it very easy for the team workers to communicate each other as whenever the team leader has any task for the rest of the member the leader put all the information in email and send a loop email to all the members. The advantage of the loop email is that all the members will receive the same email with the same information not everyone will get separate email. Inside the organization employees communicate each other through intranet which a good source of communication to communicate from one department to another. Intranet is normally use in every organizat ion having lots of different departments where it is very difficult to walk each department to pass any authority but technology made it very easy due to which every department is now link with each other and whatever information is needed to pass can be done quickly from any department without walking to other department. M3 Bill Gates Bill Gates was born on 28th October 1955 in Seattle, Washington. He belongs to a family of entrepreneurship. He had an interest in software. Bill Gates was co founder, chairmen and chief executive officer of Microsoft. Bill gates became a student at Harvard University in1973. He is also known as the richest person of the world. In 1975 he left Harvard to form Microsoft with his friend Paul Allen to develop software for the new personal computer market. Characteristics of Bill Gates Bill Gates was very smart and intelligent person because he skip math that is because he scored 1590 out of 1600 on SAT. He was a brave one because when he was to lose lots of profit from Microsoft he went to court to fight against IBM and finally won against IBM. Bill Gates is very serious of what he does. Whatever he used to start he did not do anything else until he is done with the first one even if it takes him a longer time. He is able to a successful entrepreneurship for many years till now due to which he is known as the worlds successful entrepreneur. He is a hard worker and self confident person that helped him to achieve everything and is one of the ideal personalities of the world. He believes that if you are intelligent and confident from your childhood you can achieve anything, all such qualities took him to a top position in his chosen professional. Microsoft was his vision that a computer on every disk and every computer with Microsoft software. His basic vision was also that even every house hold must have computer with Microsoft software. When Bill Gates was a student every student wanted to graduate as successful. Bill Gates stop studying and started writing software for computer, his passion about coding, technology and software made his the richest person. Leadership Style of Bill Gates Bill Gates has directive and participative leadership style he specifies that what needs to be done to achieve productivity. He Believe that a task should be planed and organized so that he or she receive a proper guidance about their job. If a task is not clear then still a directive leader is there to clarify the task. He is very participative and involves his potential employees in decision making to get useful ideas from them for the success of the business. Steve Jobs Steve Jobs was born on 24th February 1955 in San Francisco. He was co founder and CEO of Apple. Jobs used to be in garages of his neighborhood working on electronic on weekends and this shaped his interest in the field where he grew. When jobs reach college age he requested his parents to get enroll in Reed college one of expensive college in Oregon where he just spent a time of one semester and then dropped out. During 1980 Jobs developed Mac operating system for Next Computer Company but it was actually owned by Apple due to which Mac was realized by Apple in 1990. Characteristics of Steve Jobs Steve Jobs was also a very confident and intelligent as Bill Gates. As he was interested in the field of electronic and grew in that field as well, he brought all his efforts and experience into practice and came up with new developments for the new generation i-e he came up with Mac operating system and other electronic devices. He was a leader as he knows the best, he was not in favor of involving other in his decisions. His had an autocratic leadership style due to which employees were demotivated because they had no rights over the business. Steve Jobs was a hard worker and he would not let go of a problem until it was solved and once the first problem was solver he used to move to the next one. He had enough knowledge of what is going on with the product because he wanted Apple to be the great one. Whatever he was building was the most beautiful product. His aim was to come up with beautiful products to market and make lots of money from it. Leadership Style of Steve Jobs Steve Jobs had an autocratic leadership style, he kept all the rights to himself and did not use others ideas. His policy was that employees were not involves in decision making. Analyze Bill Gates and Steve Jobs Both the leaders were successful leaders. Bill Gates wanted to make computers and Microsoft software more popular among people and wanted to see computer along with Microsoft software everywhere. Bill Gates is an intelligent leader and has directive or participative leadership style while Steve Jobs had an autocratic leadership style which was not as good as compare to Bill Gates leadership style because the leadership style use by Bill Gates is also the way of motivating employees giving them rights in decision making while people criticized on the leadership of Steve Jobs where employees felt that they are not part of the company because Steve Jobs wanted employees to be far from the decision making. By the comparison of Bill Gates and Steve Jobs the policy applied by Bill Gates is the best one according to the motivation of employees. M4

Humorous Wedding Roast by a Friend of the Groom Essay -- Wedding Toast

Humorous Wedding Roast by a Friend of the Groom Good evening Ladies and Gentlemen – I'd like to start by saying that what a genuine honor it is to be part of Norman's wedding. I appreciate that I am just one of many equally suitable close friends that he could well have chosen. But I know he looks upon me as the older brother he never had, and I look on him as the younger brother I never wanted. So here I stand with this great opportunity to reveal to all, Norman’s past misdemeanors. So I could trot out the usual stories; like when he woke up in a football field wearing a red thong and swimming goggles. But instead, I’ve decided to use this time to talk of Norman’s achievements, so you needn’t worry, we’re almost at the end of the speech. Without doubt his greatest achievement is marrying Janet, who looks absolutely stunning today. You’ve done extremely well Norman, you’ve f...

Deterioration of a Relationship Essay

Throughout the play, we can see the titular character’s, Juno Boyle and Jack Boyle, relationship deteriorate , and how dramatic events in their lives and the lives of their children, Johnny and Mary, cause the entire family to collapse. The play is set closely following the signing of the treaty dividing Ireland into sections and features the resulting conflict between the diehards who want a united, free Ireland, and the free-staters, who support the treaty, with this conflict representing the clash of fanatical nationalism and practicality, of idealism and a recognition that what the people truly wanted was peace. The play also explores some of the relevant ideas of the time, including the poverty of the working class in Dublin in the 1920‘s, and how this poverty affected the communities that lived within the tenements of Dublin at this time. In the first act we see a great deal of conflict between Juno and Boyle. The root of this conflict lies in Boyles inability to accept responsibility for supporting his family, as he refuses to seek work and spends his days drinking with his manipulative, scrounging friend Joxer. Juno is forced to act as wife, mother and sole source of income for the family, the prime motivation for this character being to keep her ragged family unit together â€Å"Who has kep th’ home together for the past few years – only me† This introduces us very early on to the theme of poverty in the play. The tension in the relationship is directly linked to poverty throughout the play, Boyle’s lack of responsibility causing conflict between him and Juno when their financial situation is bad. â€Å"Your poor wife slavin to keep the bit in your mouth†¦Ã¢â‚¬  We can see O’Casey present both the positive and negative aspects he perceives in poverty. We see him contrast the strength and ability that destitution can invoke through the character of Juno, and the pettiness and selfishness that only serves to further the poverty and drive apart the sense of community that collective poverty can create through the character of Boyle. However, the converse of this is also true. When, in the second act, the Boyles become apparently more affluent, we can see a greater degree of affection come to the fore of the relationship. The windfall of the will causes Juno to treat Boyle less as a child who must be nagged and scolded to perform any useful, or at least less detrimental, role in the family she holds so dear, and more as the head of his family, a role she previously fulfilled. This change in attitude is regarded by Boyle as him merely him finally getting the respect he believes he deserves. â€Å"I’m masther now, an’ I’m goin to remain masther† This period of happiness is quickly dispelled when it is revealed that Boyle has deceived the family, allowing them to continue to spend money that he knows they do not have and are never going to get. This demonstrates to us his inability to accept any form of responsibility and signals the end of the period of good luck for the Boyles and the culmination of the intertwining storylines of the play. In the third act the affection that marks Boyle and Juno’s relationship I the second act is dispelled entirely, only to be replaced by bitter conflict and the eventual dissolution of their entire family. Throughout the play, Juno’s main purpose is to support and hold together her family but in this final act all her efforts are worthless as the actions and attitudes of the other members of her family and those around them drag the family incontrovertibly apart. The first factor in this dissolution is Mary’s pregnancy. This in itself would have a bad effect on the family, with another family member to feed, clothe and house placing further strain on their finances, but it is Johnny and Boyle’s attitude to this pregnancy that does the most damage. She should be dhriven from the house she’s brought so much shame upon† Instead of trying to support his daughter through this difficult and emotionally strained situation, he instead seeks to drive her from the house and from the family. This anger’s Juno, and leads her to threaten Boyle that if Mary leaves the family then Juno will follow her, as he is attempting to destroy that which she holds to be the most valuable thing, her family, purely in order to protect his own reputation However, the final thing that convinces Juno the family is irreparably torn apart is Johnny’s death at the hands of his former comrades. This cements Juno’s decision to leave, she feel’s justified in leaving with Mary in order to help her raise her child (abortion not being an option at this time in such a heavily catholic country) as she is the only part of her family that is salvageable, with Johnny dead and her convinced that Boyle is beyond salvation. â€Å"Let your father furrage for himself now; I’ve done all I could an’ it was all no use – he’ll be hopeless till the end of his days. This is the final collapse of the relationship, and we see the final outcome of it. Boyle is left unchanged, as the closing scene of the play showing him sitting drunk with Joxer, oblivious to all the dramatic changes in his life,. Juno, on the other hand, is resolute in her changes, she has finally been given the strength to leave Boyle behind and move on, she is able to recognise him for what he is, not a child, as she appears to view him in act one, because a child has promise of maturing, but as a waster who will never change and will never do anything but hold her back.